For that we should be grateful to the red bands - the Soviet army.

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In this group, especially the testimony highlighted the testimony of anti-Semitism in the Red Army:
"My brother told me that the Russian soldiers at the front often talked about the wealth of the Jews, that they have a lot of money and that should kill them all" (L.).
"In the army, young and old tried to convince me that there are many Jews in Minsk and Moscow, but that at the front there is no Jew. "We have to fight for them." In the "friendly" form I was told: "You are crazy. All of your sitting at home, security, how is it you were on the front? '"(MK) .218
Last reported (MK) belongs to the Polish Jew, who soon after the arrival of Soviet troops in eastern Poland voluntarily went to the Soviet Union, and later joined the Red Army, was later made an officer, was wounded twice and ended the war in the Polish Army Berling. The same witness reports a conversation with a Soviet officer:
"You are a Jew. So do I. I'm from Berdichev. I was given the name of the Russian army. This is being done now because the authorities feared anti-Semitism in the Army ".219
Even more acute anti-Semitism manifested itself in the Ukraine after its liberation. In the "Bulletin" Aid Committee of the Jewish Agency was placed the story Ukrainian Jew who left Kharkov in the spring of 1944 and the Soviet Union. (To make their way to Palestine) at the end of that year:
"... The Ukrainians greeted the returning Jews with hostility. In the first weeks after the liberation of Kharkov none of the Jews did not dare to go alone at night on the street. The situation improved only after the intervention of the authorities, efforts in the city police patrols. There have been many cases of beatings of Jews in the marketplaces, and one Jew was killed in the market of Ukrainian. At the scene police were called, but were present at the killing of peasants began to quarrel with the police, all of whom were arrested along with the killer. In Kiev, 16 Jews were killed during the massacre caused by the murder of a Russian officer woman who was mistaken for a Jew.
Jews returning to their apartment, get back only a small portion of their things. When they go to court against the Ukrainians themselves the owners of these things, the latter supported by other Ukrainians, giving the court false testimony.
Ukrainian authorities have largely infected by anti-Semitism. Treatment of the Jews are not considered properly. When the Institute of Commercial returned from Kharkov to Kiev, Jewish professors were asked for permission to go there too. Their request was rejected. They appealed to the Chairman of the Board [of the Supreme Soviet of USSR?], But received no response. Jewish theater has not received permission to return to Kharkiv. Broadcast in Hebrew is not renewed. The official response to the complaints of the Jews says that anti-Semitism, which the Germans poisoned the minds of the population, can be eradicated only gradually ... "220
Similar to those impressions, which are told in his letters to the Union of Russian Jews (New York), former soldiers and officers of the Red Army, who fled after the war from the Soviet Union and wait for dispatch to Palestine (or America) in the camps, di-pi in Evrope221.
"Captain T ..... I. openly admits that before his arrival in Bukarest in 1945, when the other turned its attention to anti-Semitism, he did not pay attention to anti-Semitic incidents. Thinking through all the experiences again, he came to the conclusion that the "anti-Semitism grew in the Soviet army during the war."
Another captain, a former active member of the Communist Party, believes that "anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union has a violent character, who can not imagine someone who did not live in this terrible country." He argues that many Jews, the heroes of the war, did not get a promotion or a military award for anti-Semitic sentiments of some people at the top, and that the names of many senior officers of the Jews is not proposed to refer them to the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars "by the fatal influence of the late Commissioner Army Shcherbakova, a member of the Politburo and secretary of the Moscow oblast and city committees of the Communist Party. " Post this coincides with information from other sources.
The same captain is convinced that it is not at the top of the Soviet hierarchy, civil or military, to look for a primary source of anti-Semitism. Shcherbakov, he believes, is a relatively rare exception. He argues that the generals of the Jews in the Soviet Army is much more than it publicly acknowledged as the government, as he thinks he is afraid of publicity, which could increase anti-Semitism, which is already widespread in the country. "
These statements strongly manifested sentiments as they have developed in the Soviet Union during the war. The curve of anti-Semitism in this period rose sharply again up and anti-Semitic manifestations, not only was much more acute form than in the last period before the war, but its intensity and extent of far-left and anti-Semitism behind the second half of the twenties.
Chapter Six
AFTER THE WAR
During the war, anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union was very widespread. Tom had a special reason, which I stopped earlier. After the war, these factors are gradually disappearing. Does not disappear along with them the wartime anti-Semitism? Reasoning a priori, it seems possible, but not necessary: ​​reaching significant tensions and forces, anti-Semitism may continue to exist as an independent factor for a long time after it disappeared reasons that caused him to life, especially if against him is an open, strong and persistent struggle. That such a conflict is incompatible with the reticence of anti-Semitism, but that the silencing of anti-Semitism during the war and postwar years, is a characteristic feature of Soviet domestic politics, unfortunately, no doubt. In these circumstances, it seems likely that anti-Semitism growing up in war-loosened soil, a long time to live in the minds of the general population of the Soviet Union.
Trying to go beyond these general considerations, we can still only tentatively. Available us factual material upon which to judge the extent of the influence of anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union in recent times, is still too meager to be able to make it into the final conclusions. But some careful preliminary conclusions yet, apparently, can be done.
We have seen above, the severity of anti-Semitism, which has reached the years of war in the Ukraine. The above message (See above, pp. 195-196) describes the situation in Ukraine in the first half of 1944. Around the same position draw in Ukraine in 1944 and 1945, Herschel Vaynrauh in a series of articles in the New York Jewish "Forverts" and later released them knige222, and so are the experiences of many refugees from the Soviet Union in New York and correspondent of the Union of Russian Jews in Italy. From 1944/45 period, however, something changed. This we have some evidence of an unusual, at first glance unrelated to the question that interests us, but a careful analysis of many being investigated.
This decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on 23rd January 1948 "to award orders and medals of employees in industry, agriculture, science, art and culture of the Ukrainian SSR," 223. In this decree, issued on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Soviet Ukraine, is a huge list of recipients with the designation of their position in the social hierarchy and official Soviet Ukraine. Selecting among them Jews - that designation in the list of full names, surnames and names of recipients in most cases, no problem - we can roughly determine the position of Jews in the Ukrainian society. But not in all cases by name, patronymic and last name can be judged on whether the person is a Jew: Jewishness in some cases the award remains in doubt, and these people had to leave out rassmotreniya224. But having a relatively large list of certainties (or almost certainties) of the Jews, we can already draw some cautious conclusions.